| Peer-Reviewed

Amelioration of Acidic Soil to Increase Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) Yield on Smallholder Farmer Fields in Ethiopian Highlands

Received: 6 September 2019     Accepted: 28 October 2019     Published: 8 January 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Crop productivity of Ethiopian highlands has been declining mainly due to high intensity of acidic soil thus amelioration is vital to improve soil properties and crop yield. Unfortunately, most farmers in Ethiopian highlands in general and in Gozamin district in particular are characterized by economically poor. This study was designed to investigate the effects integrated effects of commercial lime and low cost materials on tef yield. It was conducted under rain fed conditions of 2017 & 2018 seasons. The factorial combination of three levels lime (0, 1.5 and 3 t/ha), kitchen ash (0, 1 and 2 t/ha) and manure (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Days to maturity were prolonged by highest application rates of lime and manure meanwhile early maturity of the crop recorded at zero application rates. Maximum number of tillers and the longest plant height were obtained at 1.5 t/ha lime and 5 t/ha manure applications. Crop yields (grain, straw and biomass) were increased linearly with manure rates meanwhile in quadratic function with application of lime. Maximum grain yield (2.12 t/ha) was obtained from combined 1.5 t lime + 0.5 t kitchen ash+ 5 t/ha manure treatment and followed by 1.97 t/ha yield through the treatment that received same rate of lime and manure with 1 t kitchen ash. These treatments were increased grain yield by more than one tone over the control. Besides, the economic analysis result confirmed that combined 1.5 t lime, 0.5 t kitchen ash and 5 t/ha manure application gave maximum net profit of 27,629 Birr/ha with acceptable MRR of 18%, thus, this application rate is optimum to increase tef production on small scale farmer fields. However, comprehensive recommendation will be drawn in future by using further findings rather than rely on a single study.

Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11
Page(s) 1-11
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Acid, Kitchen Ash, Gozamin, Lime, Manure

References
[1] Sonneveld, B. and Keyzer, M.. Land under pressure: Soil conservation concerns and opportunities for Ethiopia. Land Degradation & Development, 2003. 14: 5-23.
[2] Mesfin A. Nature and Management of Acid Soils in Ethiopia. www.eiar.gov.et/Soil/soils_acid.pdf. 2007.
[3] Winch T. Growing Food A Guide to Food Production. Published by Springer. Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 2006.
[4] CSA (Central Statistical Agency). Agricultural Sample Survey 2007/2008. Report on area and production for major crops, (private peasant holdings, Meher season). Statistical Bulletin, 417. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2008.
[5] CSA (Central Statistical Agency) The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency, Agricultural Sample Survey, volume I, reportonarea and production of major crops (private peasant holdings, 2012/13 meher season), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2013.
[6] Tefera, H., Ayele M., Assefa K. Improved varieties of tef (Eragrostis tef) releases 1970–1995. Research Bulletin No. 2, Debre-Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia. 1995.
[7] FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). Guide to efficient plant nutrition management, challenges sources of plant nutrients management of plant nutrients environmental issues policies. Land and water development division FAO of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. 1998.
[8] Fufa, H., Tesfa, B., Hailu, T., Kibebew, A., Tiruneh, K., Aberra, D. and Seyfu, K. 2001. Agronomy research in Tef. In: Hailu, T., Getachew, B. and Mark, S. (eds), Narrowing the rift. Tef research and development. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tef Genetics and Improvement, 16-19 Oct 2000, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, pp. 167-176.
[9] Wakene, N., &Yifru, A. Soil Fertility Management of Tef. In K. Assefa, S. Chanyalew, & Z. Tadele (Eds) (2013). Achievements and Prospects of Tef Improvement; Proceedings of Second International Workshop, November 7-9 2011. Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia. 2013.
[10] Akinrinade, E., Iroh I., Obigbesan G., Hilger T., Romheld, V. and Neumann, G. Response of cowpea varieties to phosphorus supply on an acidic Alumi-haplic-Acrisol from Brazil. Nigerian Journey of Soil Science. 2006. 16: 115-120.
[11] Tekalign M., Haque, I. and Kamara, C. Phosphorus status of some Ethiopian highland Vertisols. In: Jutiz, S. C. Haque, I. McIntire, J. and Stares, J. (eds.), Management of Vertisols in Sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a Conference, ILCA, 232-252, August 31 to September 4, 1987, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 1988.
[12] Upjohn, B. Fenton, G. and Conyers, M. Soil acidity and liming. Agfact AC. 19, 3rd edition AGDEX 534, State of New South Wales, Wagga Agricultural Institute, 1-24.
[13] Solomon D., Lehmann, J. Tekalign M., Fritzsche, F. and Zech, W. 2002. Phosphorus forms and dynamics as influenced by land use changes in the sub-humid Ethiopian highlands. Geoderma, 105: 21-48.
[14] Keerthisinghe, F. Zapata, P. Chalk, P. and Hocking, P. Integrated Approach for Improved P Nutrition of Plants in Tropical Acid. Plant nutrition–Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands. 2001.
[15] Endalkachew F., Kibebew K., Asmare M., Bobe B., BirruY. and B. Mishra. Effects of Lime, Mineral P, Farmyard Manure and Compost on Selected Chemical Properties of Acid Soils in Lay Gayint District, Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 19 (2): 2017. 1-16, Article no. IJPSS. 35915, ISSN: 2320-7035.
[16] IOANRS (Investment Office of Amhara National Regional State). Potential Survey, Identification of Opportunities and Preparations of Projects, Profiles and Feasibility Studies. Part one potential assessment, unpublished soil survey study report by Development Studies Association (DSA) and Shawel Consult International (SCI). 2006.
[17] Whalen, J. Chang, C. Clayton, G. and Care foot J. Cattle manure amendments can increase the pH of acid soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000. 64: 962–966.
[18] IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). Fertilizer and Soil Fertility Potential in Ethiopia, Constraints and Opportunities for Enhancing the System. Sustainable solution for ending hanger and poverty Contributed by Gete Z. Getachew A., Dejene A., Shahid, R. Working paper, (http://www.ifpri.org.). 2010. pp1-66.
[19] Abebe Z. and Tolera A. Yield response of faba bean to fertilizer rate, rhizobium inoculation and lime rate at Gedo highland, western Ethiopia. Global Journal of Crop, Soil Science and Plant Breeding. 2014. 2: 134-139.
[20] EIAR (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research). Soil Acidity and Amendments. Merrier, research' in Amharic a monthly newsletter. ISSN 1015–9762, Vol. 9, No. 18. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2009.
[21] Saarsalmi, A., M. Kukkola, M. Moilanen and M. Arola. Long-term effect of ash and N fertilization on stand growth, tree nutrient status and soil chemistry in a Scots pine stand forest. Ecological Management 2006. 235: 116–128.
[22] Insam, H., Franke-Whittle I. Knapp B, and Plank R. Use of wood ash and anaerobic sludge for grassland fertilization: Effects on plants and microbes. Die Bodenkultur. 2009. 60: 39-51.
[23] Naylor, L. M. and E. J. Schmid, Agricultural use of wood ash as a fertilizer and liming material. Tappi Journal. 1986. 69: 114-119.
[24] Ohno, T. and M. S. Erich, 1990. Effect of wood ash application on soil pH and soil test nutrient levels. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 32: 223-239.
[25] Hati, K. Swarup, A. Singh, D. Misra, A. and Ghos, P. Long-term continuous cropping, fertilization and manure effects on physical properties and organic carbon content of a sandy loam soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 2006. 44: 487–495.
[26] Naramabuye, F. Haynes, R. and Modi, A. Cattle manure and grass residues as liming materials, in a semi-subsistence farming system. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 124: 136-141. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005.
[27] Mgonigaba M. Etude de I “impact des compost a base de biomass Vegetable suriadynamiqu des indicators physico-chimiqueset Microbiologiques de is fertility des soils. Application surtrios soils acides. Tropicaux de Rwanda” Gembloux, Belgiqeue. Faculite Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques. 2007. 317p.
[28] Opara-Nadi, O. A. Liming and organic matter interaction in two Nigerian Ultisols. Effect on soil pH, organic carbon and early growth of maize (Zea mays. L). Proceedings of the 16th annual conference of Soil Science Society of Nigeria. Minna, Niger state. Nov 27-30th 1988. 177-198 pp.
[29] Bekele, H., J. Worku, T. Feyissa, A. Mulugeta, Y. Mengistu and K. Arfasa, 1998. The Dinsho farming system of Bale highlands. Chilot (editor). In: Barley based farming systems in the highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. P. 177.
[30] Dudal, R. Forty years of soil fertility work in sub- Saharan Africa. In: Vanlauwe, B., Diels, J., Sanginga, N. and Merckx, R. (eds). Integrated plant nutrient management in Sub-Saharan Africa. From concept to practice. CABI Publishing. 2002. 7-21 pp.
[31] Okalebo, J., Gathua K. and Womer P. Laboratory methods of sol and plant analysis: a working manual, 2nd Ed. TSBF-CIAT and SACRED Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. 2002. 128pp.
[32] Gitari, H. Lime and manure application to acid soils and their effects on bio-chemical soil properties and maize performance at Kavutiri- Embu County. MSc Thesis, Kenyatta University, Kenya. 2013.
[33] Mohammed A. Land Suitability Evaluation in the Jelo Catchment, Chercher Highlands, Ethiopia. PhD Dissertation, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 2003.
[34] Bureau of Agriculture. 1999. Agricultural Master Plan of the Amhara National Regional State Technical report on soil and water management, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
[35] Mekonnen A., Heluf G., Markku Y., Bobe B. and Wakene N. Effect of integrated use of lime, manure and mineral P fertilizer on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, uptake and status of residual soil P on acidic soils of Gozamin District, north-western Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2014. 3 (2): 76-85.
[36] Vance, E. D., 1996. Land application of wood-fired and combination boiler ashes: An overview. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2005. 25: 937-944.
[37] Jackson, M. L.. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi. 1967.
[38] Walkley, A. and Black C. An examination of different methods for determining organic carbon content. 1934.
[39] Olsen, S. R., C. V. Cole, Watanabe F. S. and Dean L. A. Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 939. Banderis, A., Barter D. and Anderson K. 1954.
[40] Murphy, J. and J. P. Riley. A. modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta 1962. 27: 31-36.
[41] Sahlemedhin S. and Taye B. Procedure for soil and plant analysis. National Soil Research Centre, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[42] Rowell, D. Soil science: Methods and applications. Addison Wesley Longman Limited England. 1994,350pp.
[43] FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). Methods of Analysis for Soils of Arid and Semi-arid Regions. Edited by Issam I. and Antoine H. Rome, Italy. 2007.
[44] Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. 1984. 328- 332 pp.
[45] SAS (Statistical Analysis System). SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 9.1.3. SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC. 2004.
[46] CIMMYT (International Center for Maize and Wheat Development). Agronomic data to farmer recommendations: an economic work book, 1988.
[47] Dent, D. Acid Sulphate Soils: A Baseline for Research and Development, International Land Reclamation Institute, Wageningen, Netherlands. 1986.
[48] Tekalign M. Soil, plant, water, fertilizer, animal manure and compost analysis. Working Document No 13. International Livestock Research Center for Africa (ILCA). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 1991.
[49] Vander, Z. and Beukema H. Introduction to potato production. Center for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation (Pudoc), Wageningen. 1990. 92-96 pp.
[50] Murtada Y. Effect of Seed Rate and Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Tef Grass (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter). MSc thesis, University of Khartoum. Khartoum, Sudan. 2004.
[51] Asmare M., Markku Y. and Birru Y. Effects of lime, wood Ash, manure and mineral P fertilizer rates on acidity related chemical properties and growth and P uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on acid soil of Farta district, northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, SSN 2227-670X. SSN 2227-670X. 2015. Vol 8 (2) 256-269 pp.
[52] Adera S. Response of tef (Eragrostis te f(Zucc.) Trotter] to different blended fertilizer rates on Vertisols in Jama district, northeastern Ethiopia. An MSc thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. 2016.
[53] Gasim, S. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and peed rate on growth, yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays). MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum. Khartoum, Sudan. 2001.
[54] Anteneh A., Birru Y., Yihenew G. and Tadele A.. 2014. The Role of Biochar on Acid Soil Reclamation and Yield of Tef (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter) in Northwestern Ethiopia. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education. ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760. Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 6, No. 1.
[55] Friesen D., Juo A., Miller M. Liming and lime-phosphorus–zinc interactions in two Nigerian Ultisols. I. Interaction in the Soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 1980. 44: 1221-1226.
[56] Vance E. and Mitchell C. Beneficial use of wood ash as an agricultural soil amendment: case studies from the United States forest products industry. In: Power JF, Dick WA (eds) Land application of agricultural, industrial and municipal by-products. SSSA, Madison. 2000. 567–582.
[57] Workneh B. Growth, lodging and yield of tef (Eragrostis tef) as influenced by seed size and depth of sowing. MSc Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. 2009.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mekonnen Asrat. (2020). Amelioration of Acidic Soil to Increase Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) Yield on Smallholder Farmer Fields in Ethiopian Highlands. Journal of Plant Sciences, 8(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mekonnen Asrat. Amelioration of Acidic Soil to Increase Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) Yield on Smallholder Farmer Fields in Ethiopian Highlands. J. Plant Sci. 2020, 8(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mekonnen Asrat. Amelioration of Acidic Soil to Increase Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) Yield on Smallholder Farmer Fields in Ethiopian Highlands. J Plant Sci. 2020;8(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11,
      author = {Mekonnen Asrat},
      title = {Amelioration of Acidic Soil to Increase Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) Yield on Smallholder Farmer Fields in Ethiopian Highlands},
      journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-11},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20200801.11},
      abstract = {Crop productivity of Ethiopian highlands has been declining mainly due to high intensity of acidic soil thus amelioration is vital to improve soil properties and crop yield. Unfortunately, most farmers in Ethiopian highlands in general and in Gozamin district in particular are characterized by economically poor. This study was designed to investigate the effects integrated effects of commercial lime and low cost materials on tef yield. It was conducted under rain fed conditions of 2017 & 2018 seasons. The factorial combination of three levels lime (0, 1.5 and 3 t/ha), kitchen ash (0, 1 and 2 t/ha) and manure (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Days to maturity were prolonged by highest application rates of lime and manure meanwhile early maturity of the crop recorded at zero application rates. Maximum number of tillers and the longest plant height were obtained at 1.5 t/ha lime and 5 t/ha manure applications. Crop yields (grain, straw and biomass) were increased linearly with manure rates meanwhile in quadratic function with application of lime. Maximum grain yield (2.12 t/ha) was obtained from combined 1.5 t lime + 0.5 t kitchen ash+ 5 t/ha manure treatment and followed by 1.97 t/ha yield through the treatment that received same rate of lime and manure with 1 t kitchen ash. These treatments were increased grain yield by more than one tone over the control. Besides, the economic analysis result confirmed that combined 1.5 t lime, 0.5 t kitchen ash and 5 t/ha manure application gave maximum net profit of 27,629 Birr/ha with acceptable MRR of 18%, thus, this application rate is optimum to increase tef production on small scale farmer fields. However, comprehensive recommendation will be drawn in future by using further findings rather than rely on a single study.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Amelioration of Acidic Soil to Increase Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) Yield on Smallholder Farmer Fields in Ethiopian Highlands
    AU  - Mekonnen Asrat
    Y1  - 2020/01/08
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11
    T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 11
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2331-0731
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20200801.11
    AB  - Crop productivity of Ethiopian highlands has been declining mainly due to high intensity of acidic soil thus amelioration is vital to improve soil properties and crop yield. Unfortunately, most farmers in Ethiopian highlands in general and in Gozamin district in particular are characterized by economically poor. This study was designed to investigate the effects integrated effects of commercial lime and low cost materials on tef yield. It was conducted under rain fed conditions of 2017 & 2018 seasons. The factorial combination of three levels lime (0, 1.5 and 3 t/ha), kitchen ash (0, 1 and 2 t/ha) and manure (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Days to maturity were prolonged by highest application rates of lime and manure meanwhile early maturity of the crop recorded at zero application rates. Maximum number of tillers and the longest plant height were obtained at 1.5 t/ha lime and 5 t/ha manure applications. Crop yields (grain, straw and biomass) were increased linearly with manure rates meanwhile in quadratic function with application of lime. Maximum grain yield (2.12 t/ha) was obtained from combined 1.5 t lime + 0.5 t kitchen ash+ 5 t/ha manure treatment and followed by 1.97 t/ha yield through the treatment that received same rate of lime and manure with 1 t kitchen ash. These treatments were increased grain yield by more than one tone over the control. Besides, the economic analysis result confirmed that combined 1.5 t lime, 0.5 t kitchen ash and 5 t/ha manure application gave maximum net profit of 27,629 Birr/ha with acceptable MRR of 18%, thus, this application rate is optimum to increase tef production on small scale farmer fields. However, comprehensive recommendation will be drawn in future by using further findings rather than rely on a single study.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Plant Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia

  • Sections